APIs & Communication
Once machines can reach each other, they need a contract. REST, GraphQL, WebSockets, and Webhooks are four answers to one question: how should two pieces of software talk?
Once machines can reach each other, they need a contract. REST, GraphQL, WebSockets, and Webhooks are four answers to one question: how should two pieces of software talk?
With every building block in hand, the last question is how to arrange them. Microservices, message queues, rate limiting, and API gateways are the blueprints for systems that grow.
Thirty concepts are vocabulary. This is the sentence. Design bit.ly from a blank page — requirements, the math, the architecture, the failure modes, and every trade-off justified out loud.
APIs move data around — but where does it live, and how do you get it back fast? Database types, indexing, partitioning, caching, denormalization, and blob storage, decoded.
The moment you run more than one machine, easy things get hard. The CAP theorem, CDNs, idempotency, and disciplined retries are the ideas that keep distributed systems honest.
Every like, search, and payment is just bytes crossing a network. Master the six ideas that decide whether those bytes arrive fast, safe, and at the right door.
One server can't hold the line forever. The two ways to grow — up and out — plus the load balancers, replicas, and shards that make growing out actually work.
The whole series on one page — every concept, default, trade-off, and QA attack, compressed for the night before the interview.
Most system design guides drown you in diagrams and buzzwords. This one starts from the only place that matters — the problem you're trying to solve.